Bed sores, also known as pressure ulcers or decubitus ulcers, are skin injuries caused by prolonged pressure on the skin. They commonly develop on areas where bones are close to the skin, such as the heels, hips, back, and tailbone, especially in individuals with limited mobility.
Prolonged Pressure: Reduced blood flow to the skin and tissues due to constant pressure.
Friction & Shear: Rubbing against bedding or improper repositioning can damage the skin.
Moisture: Excessive moisture from sweat, urine, or wound drainage weakens the skin.
Poor Nutrition: Lack of essential nutrients can delay skin repair and increase vulnerability.
Medical Conditions: Diabetes, vascular diseases, and reduced sensation increase the risk.
Stage 1: Redness, warmth, pain, or itching in affected areas.
Stage 2: Blistering or open sores with skin loss and tenderness.
Stage 3: Deeper wounds with exposed fat tissue.
Stage 4: Severe ulcers exposing muscles, tendons, or bones, often with infection.
Repositioning: Frequent movement to relieve pressure.
Wound Care: Cleaning and dressing the wound to prevent infection.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT): Increases oxygen supply, speeds up healing, and reduces infection risk.
Medications: Pain relievers and antibiotics for infection management.
Surgical Intervention: In severe cases, skin grafting or wound debridement may be necessary.
Change positions frequently to reduce prolonged pressure.
Use soft cushions, specialized mattresses, and repositioning aids.
Maintain good hygiene and keep the skin dry.
Eat a nutritious diet rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals.
Stay hydrated to maintain skin elasticity.
Regularly inspect the skin for early signs of bed sores.
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